RootsWeb Review: RootsWeb's Weekly E-zine 23 August 2006, Vol. 9, No. 34 (c) 1998-2006 RootsWeb.com, Inc. http://www.rootsweb.com/ * * * Editor: Myra Vanderpool Gormley, Certified Genealogist Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com Certification: http://www.bcgcertification.org/certification/ * * * ROOTSWEB HELPDESK: Check here for announcements: http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/ * * * ========================================================= IN THIS ISSUE: 1. 1a. EDITOR'S DESK: NEWS, NOTES, AND SOME SITES WORTH SEEING NEWS: Mailing Lists Move; New Journal for Washington Territory and State BOOK NOTES: North Carolina, Montana and California SITES: Norway-Heritage; Minnesota's Historic Shipwrecks; Hunting New England Shipwrecks; Shipwrecks of Nova Scotia; Mexico; Australia--Victorian Ships' Graveyard Wrecks; and Western Australian Maritime Museum Shipwreck Database 1b. Tips from Readers: Dutch Touch Upon America: Names and Naming 1c. Using RootsWeb: Preserving Our Genealogical Research 2. Connecting Through RootsWeb: It All Began in 1903 3. New User-contributed Databases 4. New/Updated FreePages and HomePages 5. New at RootsWeb 6. RootsWeb Review's Bottomless Mailbag: Helping Out Pays Dividend Another Wrong City? Arresting Tale 7. Humor/Humour: Leisure and Hindrance 8. Subscriptions, Submissions, Advertising, Reprints ======================================================= IN THIS ISSUE: 1a. EDITOR'S DESK: NEWS, NOTES; SOME SITES WORTH SEEING NEWS: Mailing Lists Moving to New System: See Section 5. New Journal Covers Washington Territory and State Washington State Genealogical Society (WSGS) recently published and distributed the first issue of its new publication, "Washington State Genealogist," to its members. This new annual journal is designed to provide researchers with a statewide outlet for family history stories and extracts from newspapers, private records and public records from Washington territorial and state sources. The first issue contains 36 pages of family stories and research information and is fully indexed. Family historians who wish to contribute articles for the next journal, or nonmembers who wish to purchase a copy should contact the editor, Bob Witherspoon, (rgwspoon@aol.com) for details, or write to WSGS Journal Editor, PO Box 1422, Olympia, WA 98507-1422. WSGS membership application forms can be downloaded from the WSGS website at http://www.rootsweb.com/~wasgs/ * * * BOOK NOTES: North Carolina, Montana and California NORTH CAROLINA. Two new books published by Cabarrus (North Carolina) Genealogy Society are available from the society, PO Box 2981, Concord, NC 28025-0002: --Daphne's Kinfolks (Volume One): The Descendants of Daniel and Esther ROBINSON HAIR. Including BRADFORD, HAYR, HAYRE, HAIRE, HALL, JARVIS and TANNER surnames, among others. with stories and pictures of this family that came to North Carolina in 1763. Perfect binding, laminate cover, 300 pages, full-name index, pictures. $24 (postpaid). --Descendants of John Christian BARNHARDT I, by Bernard W. Cruse, Jr. Born in Germany, lived and died in Cabarrus County, North Carolina. Full-name index, 100 pages, $20 (postpaid). * * * MONTANA. Madison County. History for cemeteries and graves located in eastern part of this county. Books are coil-bound, 8.5x11, containing histories about each person listed as well as the general area, including some unmarked graves. Order from Susan Slater Ren (justme@3rivers.net) with name of book in subject line. "All Should Be Remembered" has 330 pages with some pictures for these northeastern cemeteries: South Boulder, Sappington, Harrison, Pony, Red Bluff, Havana, and Black. $40 (postpaid). "All should Be Remembered Book II" has 262 pages, for the southeast section of the county and includes cemeteries for Meadow Creek, Evans, Ennis, Bear Creek and lone unmarked graves -- to the Idaho border. $35 (postpaid). * * * CALIFORNIA. Millville (Shasta County) Historical Society, PO Box 104, Millville, CA 96062 has published two hardbound 500-page books: "Millville: A Bridge to the Past" and "Millville and Beyond." The books are on sale at closeout price of $31.95 each (plus $2.32 tax, if in California) plus $4 for shipping. See website at: http://www.millvillehistorical.com/Books.htm#Books * * * SOME SITES WORTH SEEING: Norway-Heritage: Hands Across the Sea. Emigrant ship databases. http://www.norwayheritage.com/ Minnesota's Historic Shipwrecks http://www.mnhs.org/places/nationalregister/shipwrecks/ Hunting New England Shipwrecks http://www.wreckhunter.net/ Canada. Shipwrecks of Nova Scotia http://nswrecks.net/ Australia. Victorian Ships' Graveyard Wrecks http://www.vicshipwrecks.com/ Western Australian Maritime Museum Shipwreck Database http://dbase.mm.wa.gov.au/Shipwrecks/shipwreck.php * * * 1b. TIPS FROM READERS: Dutch Touch Upon America: Names and Naming By L. Wessel Probably the biggest surprise in my life came when I discovered my ancestors are Dutch and not Cherokee as my grandmother said. I should have been very suspicious because her parents were Dutch, but why I believed her then is another story. What I feel most strongly about today, and what I hope for, is that the lessons I learned about Dutch research in the last year will guide me in future research. Why couldn't I find my ancestors before now? The answer is complicated. First I had no idea they were Dutch. I did not know where they came from. And, I didn't know they were baptized and married with patronymic names in New Netherland, but buried with English spelled names in the colonies. Without family records, who would know for instance, that Teunis Van Pelt was baptized Anthonus Janszen, or that he had 15 siblings? Although I learned most of this about a year ago while reading an esoteric Dutch newsletter called "New Netherland Connections," I still didn't quite understand how the JANSZEN name became VAN PELT, nor did I fully understand then that there was no correct spelling of any Dutch name. LAAN is the old spelling of the family name (1500) whereas LANE is the permutated English spelling of the surname. All this information did was leave me at the starting gate with a throbbing headache rather than at the finish line as I had hoped. My next task was to learn enough Dutch that I could translate marriage records that contained words like "wedr" and "jd". It's still a struggle. The biggest challenge for me, however, is the name conventions and rules. Prior to the [hereditary] surnames, which were introduced to the colonists by the English king, who was uncle to the Duke of York, the Dutch used the patronymic system. The patronymic name was a derivation of the father's first name and changed every generation. Thus my Dutch ancestors came to America with two ever-changing names -- the first or, forename, and the second or patronymic name. While technically most forenames were not changed, but rather anglicized, learning to recognize that Jane VAN TUYL was really Jannetje ADRIAESEN (Adriaen's daughter) can be a challenge. This was followed with the realization that the ancient records that proved my ancestors existed were in Latin or Old Dutch. And after that came the lesson regarding the Dutch word "van," which translates to "from" in English, a reference to a locality. In the U.S. colonies it took on a whole new meaning when some writers appended it to the family name apparently so as to make it sound more regal or romantic. All it served to do was confuse research. For instance who or what is VAN KOUVENHOOVEN? The strict interpretation of this phrase is "from Kouwenhooven," but the name was actually, borrowed from the Farm Kouwenhooven, land once owned by Lord Monfoort in Ceulhorst (near Amersfoort) Netherlands, Gerritt JANSE who once lived on this farm with his family is the patriarch of the VAN KOUWENHOOVEN family found in the colonies. According to Dutch custom, the hired farm hand could use the name of the farm or the name of the family that owned the farm as his patronymic name. This name changed if he changed farms. It is conceivable that a person could have as many as six or more second names in a lifetime, but I have not heard of it. The "vans" can be tricky to translate. VAN PELT, or from Pelt, is correct for the Pelt of old is in Liege, Belgium today. What about VAN DYKE and VAN WYCK? Were Dijk and Wijk towns or farms? The VAN PELT founder was a "peddler by the dyke" before coming to the colonies so he really was "from a dike" -- but that was not his name, and it certainly doesn't tell us anything about the VAN DYKE family. Then there was the matter of the surname, which had a new set of rules. The most important thing to know about the surname is that prior to English rule in the colonies, fixed surnames did not exist. Your Dutch ancestor did not arrive in the colonies in 1625 with an English- spelt fixed surname -- it never happened that way. Secondly, without church records, no one knows exactly when the family surname was put into use; it is an educated guess based on research. However, as I continue to study Dutch families in the colonies, it appears that more than one family started to use their new surname before the 1680s. Sometime after the English Royal Navy sailed up the Hudson River and claimed Long Island and the surrounding area, the hereditary surname was introduced to the colonists. In theory it was supposed to be an instant success, but in reality it took many years to force full compliance on the Dutch, and even then the hated English still had to deal with Dutch- spelled names like Langstraat. The fixed surname was supposed to simplify colonial records. Perhaps if the rules had been applied to all it could have made a lot of things easier, but it wasn't. The hereditary surname replaced the patronymic, which became extinct. The surname was fixed; it no longer changed every generation. The surname could not be a derivation of the father's name. Trades people could take the name of the trade such as miller or carpenter as their new surname -- if they were well known for their trade, whereas professional persons did not have to adopt a new surname at all. In this case the patronymic became their new fixed surname. Note: Once the patronymic name became extinct it was not used again in any legal document or found again in any church record. The patronymic name was not ever used as a middle name for the "middle" name was not widely used in the colonies for at least another hundred years. The English intended for patronymic names to die as swiftly as possible with no regrets, while the Dutch did everything possible to preserve their family history. This is why we find records like Stoffel DIRCKSZEN LONGSTREET, when the correct interpretation should be Stoffels LANGSTRAAT. The patronymic name, DIRCKSZEN, expired when the surname LANGSTRAAT (LONGSTREET) was adopted. The Dutch have kept meticulous written records since the 1500s. The key to de-mystifying our Dutch colonists is by using church records, plus understanding the significance of dates and historical events, mixed with a little common sense. Some of the records found in the old records are baptisms, marriages, new surnames, spelling changes from Dutch to English, and even the dates when families transferred from one Dutch church to another -- such as from Brooklyn to New Amsterdam. In America's short history, there were three little noticed events that impacted our lives forever viz: The introduction of the fixed surname in the 1600s, the demise of the patronymic name, and the popularity of the middle name, which probably emerged in the colonies in the late 1700s or early 1800s. Knowing when an event occurred is even more important since the advent of the Internet and the plethora of genealogical information it has generated. At the end of the 17th century, New Netherland was crowded. To alleviate these conditions, the Dutch migrated to what was then called the Province of East Jersey. KOUWENHOVEN and SCHENCK were two of the earliest families to move there. The Dutch colonized what is now Monmouth County as it had the good access to New York in terms of travel. It wasn't unheard of for a Dutch daughter to return "home" to New York two or more times a year as that was where friends and family lived. This may explain in part why I cannot find baptismal records for seven children born in New Jersey to a Dutch mother. Perhaps the children were baptized in the same Dutch church where the mother was baptized and where her parents were married. * * * 1c. USING ROOTSWEB: Preserving Our Genealogical Research If there is one fact genealogists are acutely aware of, it is that no one is immortal. We progress from child to parent to grandparent and eventually to the status of -- ancestor. For many of us, our years of painstakingly researched family history is a gift we'd like to leave for those who follow us to learn from and build upon. If we are lucky someone in our family will be there to pick up where we leave off with our research, but quite often no immediate family member shows any interest. Have you given thought as to what you would like to happen to your files when you are no longer capable of managing them yourself? Genealogical research papers, webpages, GEDCOMs on WorldConnect are all a part of our estate just like any other possession and they should be taken into consideration when making plans for the disposition of our property by our heirs. Specific instructions may be shared with your family members along with your passwords and usercodes for any Internet files you wish to be preserved when you can no longer manage them yourself. If you have hard copies of papers and have them organized, check with a local historical or genealogical society that might be interested in having your papers for their files. Also, provide your family members with the address of the RootsWeb HelpDesk: http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/form1.html so that they may contact the HelpDesk (providing your e-mail address) to enable the HelpDesk to remove your address from mailing lists to which you might be subscribed. Messages you have posted to RootsWeb mailing lists and message boards remain on file as a rule and often serve to benefit other researchers who read them in the future. Of course, what to do about GEDCOMs on file at WorldConnect is a personal decision and RootsWeb will honor the request of your heirs should it be determined that files are to be removed, but most genealogists prefer (and often specifically request) that their files remain as static files for others to build upon in the future. Files can be annotated to show that the submitter is deceased and contact is no longer possible. Although contact information for the submitter can be removed from these flies, Post-em Notes can be used by future researchers to add corrections and additions so that the file remains viable and useful. RootsWeb guidelines for WorldConnect files of deceased submitters can be found at: http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/help/wc6.html * * * * * * * * * * Advertisements * * * * * * * * * * REQUEST A SEARCH FOR YOUR ANCESTORS AT THE FAMILY HISTORY LIBRARY ANCESTOR SEEKERS researchers at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City will search this vast collection for your ancestors from the USA, Canada, Australia, Ireland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Holland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Italy. If you commission the work (there's no obligation to do that!) prices start from $52 (US). For a FREE! initial e-mail consultation visit http://www.ancestorseekers.com/research/rwr/ Join us OCTOBER 23-27 for our Sixth Salt Lake City Research Trip -- the ideal genealogy vacation! Call TOLL-FREE at 877-896-0974 (9-6 MST) or visit http://www.ancestorseekers.com/rwr/ * * * For a limited time, RootsWeb Review readers can now subscribe to Internet Genealogy for a special rate of $22 for one year -- a saving of $6 off the regular $28 rate. Visit http://internet-genealogy.com/ to subscribe today! Also, download a complete, FREE issue of Internet Genealogy! This issue is available only online. It contains the same great features and articles that you would find in our printed edition such as: German Research using the Internet; a case study on Madison Davis; City Directories online; Remarkable Research Resources; Forensic Genealogy and much more. Download this Extra Issue from http://internet-genealogy.com/ * * * * * * * * * * End of Advertisements * * * * * * * * * * 2. CONNECTING THROUGH ROOTSWEB: It All Began in 1903 By Stephen Davidson in Canada Even as a university student in the 1970s I was interested in family history. Fortunately for me, my great-aunt and great-uncle lived near my campus, and on weekends I had the chance to visit with them and piece together the story of my mother's family, the HAYs. I was thrilled to discover that back in the 1840s, a cousin of my great-grandfather, Thomas Andress HAY, had sailed off to Australia from Saint John, New Brunswick. We only knew this bit of family trivia because in June of 1903 a woman named Ellen Kate (HAY) ATTWATER had written to my great-aunt's father, trying to track down her Canadian ancestors. For 70 years my great-aunt had saved that letter, and I read it over with great enthusiasm. Wouldn't it be great, I fantasized, if we could establish contact with the long-lost HAY cousins we had in Australia? But the letter had far too few names of people or places to even begin a hunt. And in the 1970s there was no Internet or personal computers or search engines to help a budding genealogist. Now fast-forward to the year 2000. Having acquired a computer, I finally began to organize our family's history, contacting my great- aunt's daughter in the process. She went through boxes of her mother's possessions, which had been stored away in an attic for 30 years and found the 1903 letter -- and a SECOND letter that had been written from Australia later in that same year. "Lost" for almost a century, the second letter of Ellen Kate once again saw the light of day. This letter was a genealogical gold mine -- now we had the married name of Ellen Kate's sister, Emily, and the names of Ellen Kate's children as well as place names where the HAY sisters lived. Suddenly the notion of finding the Australian HAYs didn't seem so far-fetched. In March 2001, I was ready to write a letter to potential ATTWATER descendants in Australia having made good use of the Internet, online telephone directories, and online archival records -- devices Ellen Kate ATTWATER could not even have dreamed of a century earlier. I had searched the New South Wales birth, marriage, and death records online, and learned that the children of the HAY sisters had married and stayed within their home state. Looking through the online telephone directories for Freeburns in Grafton and Attwaters in Bulli, I discovered the mailing addresses for nine people who just might be the descendants of Thomas Andress HAY. Nine letters were promptly sent off and within two weeks I got an e- mail from a Mrs. ISOM in Houston, Texas. She had just got off the phone with her mother in Australia who had received one of my nine letters! Ellen Kate's dream of contacting her Canadian HAY clan was realized for the second time within a hundred years. Unbeknownst to me, Mrs. ISOM and a distant cousin, Mr. WHITE, also had been keeping Ellen Kate's dream alive. For years these Australian HAY descendants had been trying to track down their Canadian ancestors, to the extent that at different times each of them had visited Saint John, New Brunswick, toured graveyards, and written to the provincial archives. When they got my letter, they were completely mystified as to how someone in far-off Nova Scotia could have tracked them down. Since March 2001 long-lost cousins in both Australia and North America have been in regular contact, reconstructing the story of the HAYs in Australia. Within a few years of making contact, my great-aunt's daughter and Mrs. ISOM finally met face to face in Texas. I am sure it was a reunion that would have had the heartfelt approval of my great- aunt and Ellen Kate ATTWATER, two guardians of the family's story. But who would have ever imagined it would involve people living in Nova Scotia, Massachusetts, and Texas -- not to mention a variety of locations within New South Wales, Australia? * * * Did you leap over some brick walls or cleverly figure out where your grandmother was hiding in a census? Do tell! Dazzle us with your brilliant sleuthing or uncanny luck. We're all ears. Send your tales of genealogical adventure to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com 3. New User-Contributed Databases at RootsWeb http://userdb.rootsweb.com/submit/ ---------------------------------------------- SHARING OPPORTUNITY. Does your alma mater, old military unit, church, parish, province, county or state have material available that you think would be of interest to genealogists and historians? Do you have any compiled lists of names or databases (other than your personal genealogy) that you would like to share and that you think would be of value and interest to others? In most cases, RootsWeb would be proud to host such material. http://userdb.rootsweb.com/submit/ Everyone must be on vacation/holiday -- no new user databases this week. 4. New/Updated Freepages and Homepages -------------------------------------- Can your cousins find your website at RootsWeb? Has it ever been mentioned here or do you have a new, updated, or substantially revised website at RootsWeb (it will have "freepages" or "homepages" in the URL)? Send the URL (its Web address), along with a brief description, including the major pertinent surnames and what is available on your site, to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com No new or update sites reported this week. 5. New at RootsWeb To Request a Free Web Account: http://accounts.rootsweb.com/ ------------------------------------------------------------- Some of these webpages might not yet be accessible. They are created by volunteers, so if one that interests you isn't up yet, please check again in a few days or next week. http://www.rootsweb.com/~xxxxxx [accountname] ITALY itacfont -- Fontachiari (city) U.S.A. azccdar -- Camelback (Arizona) Chapter DAR infounta -- Fountain County (Indiana) invigo2 -- Vigo County (Indiana) migrtdar -- Grand River Trail (Michigan) Chapter DAR mommcpa -- Mount Mora Cemetery Preservation Association (Missouri) pamoph -- Military Order of the Purple Heart (Pennsylvania) Chapter 190 wishawa2 -- Shawano County (Wisconsin) Key: DAR -- Daughters of the American Revolution * * * New Mailing Lists at RootsWeb Request a New Mailing List: http://resources.rootsweb.com/adopt/ ----------------------------------------------------------------- MAILING LISTS MOVING TO NEW SYSTEM The RootsWeb.com mailing lists are moving to a new list management system. No new lists will be created until this move is completed. Not all of the lists are being moved at one time. It will take about two weeks to complete the process. Additional information about the update and a current schedule can be found at http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/migrate_sched.html How will it affect you? Your current subscription(s) will transfer automatically to the new system so there will be no need to re-subscribe to your list(s). However, because the sending and receiving of list e- mail will be handled by a new system, you may notice a few changes to your list(s). Digest subscribers will notice a small difference in the layout, volume and issue numbers of the list digests. The "-L" is being dropped from the "official" list name. This means the "from" address your mailing list e-mails come from will be different -- ListName@rootsweb.com vs. the current ListName-L@rootsweb.com. You may have to adjust your spam filters or put the new address on your "accept" list to prevent messages from being caught in your "junk" folders. The tools that list administrators use to manage their lists are changing also. If you are a list admin, you should have been contacted in a separate e-mail with more details and a link to a tutorial. RootsWeb appreciates your patience during this transition and hopes that the mailing lists will continue to be a valuable tool in your genealogy research. 6. FROM ROOTSWEB REVIEW'S BOTTOMLESS MAILBAG [Editor's note: The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the editor or of RootsWeb.com]. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Helping Out Pays Dividend By Graham Vidler in Tunbridge Wells. Kent. England. I am a member of Tunbridge Wells Family History Society here. In the past 18 months the group has produced two CDs for sale. One for Speldhurst Church and surrounding area. The second, with which I did help checking, is for Frant Church St. Albans, which is just over the border in Sussex. From the map of the churchyard on the Frant CD I at last found the tombstone of my great-grandmother and two of her daughters. Information which had eluded me for 30 years! [Editor's note: See also "The Weald of Kent, Surrey and Sussex" and its picture gallery: http://www.wealdofkent.org.uk/home.htm] * * * Another Wrong City By Bob Wilson My great-grandmother's brother was named Samuel Dunlap WISEMAN and he was born in Newburgh, New York in 1844. He was eventually married to Sarah MUNGER of Goshen, New York and although their eldest child was born in Denver, Colorado the family settled down and lived in Monmouth County, New Jersey, where the rest of their children were born, and where Samuel was a schoolteacher. By about 1900, he and Sarah had moved to Trenton, New Jersey. In an old family bible, it is recorded in long hand that he died in 1917 in Zanesville, Wisconsin. There is not, nor ever was, a place in Wisconsin called Zanesville. But there is a Janesville in Wisconsin -- on the southern border of the state line adjacent to Illinois. Looking at the writing in the Bible again, I determined that others had earlier misinterpreted the "J" in Janesville as a "Z." So I checked with folks in Janesville and in Rock County, Wisconsin to see if there were any kind of death records or obit for him. There was none, but there may be an explanation for that. At the time of his death, the Spanish influenza pandemic was running rampant with tens of deaths daily in almost every town in America. At Janesville, I was told that there were hasty mass burials in an attempt to control the spread of the disease and officials were overwhelmed by the massive record-keeping task of recording such deaths. So I offer this as a word to the wise -- if you had any relatives who passed away during the time of this pandemic (ca 1918-1919), the reason you have not found an official record or an obit for them might be because none were ever created. [Editor's Note: See also: http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/] * * * Arresting Tale By Frank Gill in York, Pennsylvania, USA A few years ago I was chosen for the juror pool at the county courthouse in Pennsylvania. The defendant's counsel asked if any body knew or was related to any law-enforcement people. I indicated that I knew someone in that field -- state trooper John "Gotcha"! Well, the courtroom burst out in laughter, including the judge. Needless to say, I was dismissed as a juror. 7. Humor/Humour: Leisure and Hindrance ------------------------------------ Thanks to: Jill Warland in Canada, who writes: My husband's family has a Thankful DOOLITTLE who raised 10 children Do little? Yeah, right. * * * Thanks to: Wilbur Hanson Kalb, who writes: This is the actual headline from a newspaper in Ohio, the Columbus Dispatch: "Lack of brains hinders research." That's so true! * * * Found a "proper name for the job" or humorous sign, amusing entries in census, parish, church, etc. records? Send them to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com 8. Subscriptions, Submissions, Advertising, Reprints ----------------------------------------------------- SUBSCRIPTIONS. To manage your e-mail communications (i.e. to subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, or to sign up for others), visit our newsletter management center any time at: http://newsletters.rootsweb.com/ If you use a spam-filtering program, in order to receive the RootsWeb Review please make sure that you're allowing e-mail from: newsletter@reply.myfamilyinc.com The RootsWeb Review is a free publication of MyFamily.com, Inc., 360 West 4800 North, Provo, UT, 84604 * * * The RootsWeb Review does not publish or answer genealogical queries, and the editor regrets that she is unable to provide any personal research assistance or advice. RootsWeb Review welcomes short (500 words or less) articles, humor, stories, or letters, and reserves the right to edit all submissions. The announcement of books and products is provided as a community service and is not an endorsement in any way. All mail sent to the RootsWeb Review editor is considered to be for publication -- send in plain text (please, no attachments) to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com and please include your full name and e-mail address in the text. * * * ROOTSWEB REVIEW ADVERTISING CONTACTS. Ad Sales Worldwide: Shana Davis, creative@myfamilyinc.com * * * REPRINTS. Permission to reprint articles from RootsWeb Review is granted unless specifically stated otherwise, provided: (1) the reprint is used for non-commercial, educational purposes; and (2) the following notice appears at the end of the article: Previously published in RootsWeb Review: 23 August 2006, Vol. 9, No. 34. * * * *