RootsWeb Review: RootsWeb's Weekly E-zine 20 April 2005, Vol. 8, No. 16, Circulation: 806,273+ (c) 1998-2005 RootsWeb.com, Inc. http://www.rootsweb.com/ * * * Editor: Myra Vanderpool Gormley, Certified Genealogist Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com Certification: http://www.bcgcertification.org/certification/ * * * Keep informed about the latest news, new databases, webpages and mailing lists at RootsWeb. Subscribe to the free weekly RootsWeb Review. http://newsletters.rootsweb.com/ Search/download past issues of the RootsWeb Review: http://e-zine.rootsweb.com/ * * * Search and share family trees: WorldConnect: http://wc.rootsweb.com/ Learn how to find your ancestors: http://rwguide.rootsweb.com/ Post and read messages on all relevant surname, locality, and topic Message Boards and Mailing Lists: Message Boards: http://boards.rootsweb.com/ Mailing Lists: http://lists.rootsweb.com/ * * * Is your e-mail address up-to-date at all RootsWeb sources? http://passwordcentral.rootsweb.com/ * * * RootsWeb HelpDesk: http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/ =============================================================== IN THIS ISSUE: 1. NEWS AND NOTES, AND SITES WORTH SEEING 1a. Editor's Desk: "Who's the Head of Household?" "Before and After" 1b. Using RootsWeb: "Kissing Cousins and Other Kin" 1c. Tips from Readers: "Taking Prosaic Approach" "Pesky Problems of Forenames" 2. Connecting Through RootsWeb: "Some WOLFing Around Pays Off" 3. New RootsWeb Mailing Lists 4. New Webpages at RootsWeb 5. New/Updated FreePages and HomePages 6. New User-contributed Databases 7. RootsWeb Review's Bottomless Mailbag: "Impetus to Publish" "Named for Two States" "Forebears and Their Automobiles" "Acronym Identifies Progenitor" "Ancestors Come in Many Flavors" 8. Humor/Humour: "In a Pickle" 9. Subscriptions, Submissions, Advertising, Reprints =============================================================== IN THIS ISSUE: 1. NEWS, NOTES, AND SITES WORTH SEEING 1a. Editor's Desk: Who's the Head of Household? Marie Beckman writes, "While checking several possibilities in the U.S. census records for a lookup request I had received I came across an entry that struck me as odd. It listed R. E. MORRIS as "Head of Household" -- nothing shocking about that, but the listings which followed were that of six sons. What was odd about the sons was that none of them had the surname MORRIS and some were even older than the R. E. MORRIS who was listed as head of household. "The census went on to list a daughter and nine more sons. The entries that followed was just as odd. Upon checking the top of the census form, I found that these were entries from the Tennessee State Penitentiary. Obviously the census taker didn't follow the instructions he was given. These entries are located in the 1900 U.S. Census of Davidson County Tennessee, 13th Civil District, on pages 158-168 (T623_1566)." The instructions to the enumerators for the 1900 census were rather specific in this regard, but obviously not everyone followed them. They were: "Wherever an institution, such as a prison, jail, almshouse, hospital, asylum, college, convent, or other establishment containing a resident population, is to be enumerated, the full name and title of the institution should be written on the line provided therefore at the head of the sheet, and all persons having their usual places of abode in such institution, whether officers, attendants, inmates, or persons in confinement, should then be entered consecutively on the schedules. "If, as sometimes may be the case, a sheriff, warden, or other official lives in one end of the institution building, but separated by a partition wall from the building proper, his family (including himself as its head) should be returned as a separate family, and should not be returned as part of the 'census family' to which the inmates are credited. In such case the officer in immediate charge should head the institution schedule. "When the officers or attendants, or any of them, do not reside in the institution buildings, but live with their families in detached dwellings located in the institution grounds, they should be reported as separate families, but should be included as a part of the institution population. The families of officers or attendants who reside wholly outside the institution precincts, either in houses rented or owned by the institution, or by themselves, should not be enumerated as a part of the population of the institution. "When an institution is enumerated, write on each sheet in parenthesis, immediately following the name of the institution at the head of the sheet, the numbers of the lines upon which the inmates thereof have been entered, as for example, 'East Side Mission (lines 6 to 69, inclusive).' In all such cases, however, give in the proper place of entry the name of the township or other division of county and also the name of the city, village, or borough, etc., in which the institution is situated. "Special enumerators will be appointed to canvass many of the larger institutions, and in such cases the tour of duty of the special institution enumerator will not extend beyond the boundaries of the institution grounds, but should include all those persons and inmates whose usual places of abode are clearly within the institution territory." See "Instructions to the Enumerators" for 1880, 1910, 1920, and 1930: http://www.ipums.org/usa/voliii/inst1880.html http://www.ipums.org/usa/voliii/inst1910.html http://www.ipums.org/usa/voliii/inst1920.html http://www.ipums.org/usa/voliii/inst1930.html * * * BEFORE AND AFTER. Contrary to what your date-challenged editor let slip though last week, GEDCOMs submitted to WorldConnect are automatically "cleaned" for entries that involve individuals born AFTER 1930 (not before) -- if there is no information listed in the death field. * * * 1b. USING ROOTSWEB: Kissing Cousins and Other Kin There is an old saying that you can choose your friends but you can't choose your family. There is no such thing as pruning your family tree, no matter how much you might like to saw Uncle Harry off the tree for telling those embarrassing stories about you as a child at the family reunions. Jane (BYRD) FISHER enjoys getting together with her family at the reunions but she tries to avoid Uncle Harry and his boisterous storytelling sessions. She loves seeing all the cousins who come from far and wide to return to the old family "stomping grounds" for the yearly get-together. Jane and her first cousins Frank BYRD and Sandy (BYRD) FINCH (imagine that -- a BYRD who married a FINCH) like to compare notes about the family members at the reunions and this past year they got into a discussion as to the exact nature of some of the relationship among the cousins. Everyone knows that the children of our aunts and uncles (our parents' siblings) are our first cousins and most of us know that our children and the children of our first cousins are second cousins. For example, Jane's first cousins -- Frank and Sandy BYRD -- are the children of Jane's father's brothers. Frank's son and Sandy's two daughters are second cousins to Jane's son and daughter. But what is the relationship of Frank and Sandy to Jane's children? Full first cousins share a common pair of grandparents. All cousin relationships are based on a kinship connection to a common ancestor. The children of first cousins are second cousins to each other, but your first cousin's children are YOUR first cousins once removed (1C1R). Frank and Sandy are first cousins once removed to Jane's children. In other words they are one kinship generation removed from the original first cousin relationship. Jane uses a genealogy software program to record her family history and all of its twigs and branches. Most family tree programs are capable of showing your relationship to your cousins. Are you and Jack third cousins twice removed (written as 3C2R)? Or second cousins three times removed (2C3R)? Let your computerized software figure it all out for you or use this chart to determine your exact relationships. http://www.rootsweb.com/~rwguide/chart_relations.htm In addition to the standard kinship terms Jane, Frank, and Sandy often use some less formal terms to describe relationships to family members who attend the BYRD family reunions, such as "shirttail cousin" and "kissing cousin." "Kissing Cousins" might refer to distant relatives known well enough to be kissed when greeted or those cousins whose relationship is distant enough so as to permit marriage. Since laws regarding cousin marriages vary from state to state in the United States and country to country there isn't an exact relationship of "kissing cousins." RootsWeb has a mailing list devoted to the topic, which can be found here: http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/other/Miscellaneous/KISSINGCOUSINS.html "Shirttail Cousin" is an ambiguous term. It can refer to distant blood relatives, but more commonly it means family members who have no blood relationship but are connected somehow through marriage. After exploring RootsWeb's resources explaining cousin relationships Jane and her family now have a better understanding of how they fit into the family flock. When all is said and done -- they are all BYRDs of a feather. (You knew that was coming, didn't you?) * * * 1c. Tips from Readers: Taking Prosaic Approach By Alex Dow in the UK Noting the various name variations, substitutions, etc. that occur, I gave assistance with a recent, extremely unusual, one. The enquirer was trying to find out what had happened to Poonamalee SCOTT, born in Scotland in the 19th century. I quite quickly found him listed in the 1881 British census, with his siblings and parents in Perthshire, Scotland. The others did not have unusual or exotic names, only Poonamalee, the first-born. Later I found that he had two given names -- Poonamalee Rajahgopaul SCOTT. I suggested to the enquirer that possibly to simplify life, he may have later adopted more prosaic names, based on the initials P and R. Whilst the "more prosaic" aspect turned out to be true, he had actually adopted part of his second given name, being found in later records as Paul SCOTT. This might give another dimension to the searches needed to finding "missing" persons. * * * Pesky Problems of Forenames By Kathryn Morano After doing extensive research using census records in Canada, I discovered that in one census year, children will be listed with first names, middle initial, but in another census year it will be middle name only. It seems that in Irish traditions, extending to Canada and the United States many children went by their middle names. A death record for Jane SWEENEY in Massachusetts eluded me for years. By chance I discovered it in an index under Mary SWEENEY with her maiden name next to it. All those years, the census takers had listed her as Jane, when her birth name had been Mary Jane. It's definitely worth searching for an ancestor using each and every name. 2. Connecting Through RootsWeb. Thanks for sharing your stories. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Some WOLFing Around Pays Off By Don Wolf in Tallahassee, Florida, USA My great-grandparents, John and Mary WOLF came to America from Germany about 1865. Great-grandmother had been married before, had a daughter, Rachael, and then soon was widowed. Interestingly, Mary's maiden name was WOLF or WULF and my great- grandfather (her second husband) was named WOLF. Thus, her last name was WOLF, then LINDORT, then WOLF. My great-grandparents met in Germany, had several children, then came to America and had several more children for a total of nine. Their fourth child was Fred (my grandfather) and he was about five when they immigrated, along with his half sister Rachael, who was about 11. The family settled in Youngstown Ohio, an industrial town with jobs aplenty for hard-working immigrants. Rachael, being the oldest, married and eventually moved away to Cleveland, Ohio to start her own family and appeared to have little direct contact with the Youngstown clan. Rachael's half brother, my grandfather Fred, stayed in Youngstown, married a Mary OESTERLING and they had nine children. Mary died in 1904. My grandfather, needing help in raising all these children, quickly married again -- to Minnie HACKER (my grandmother) and they had seven children. My father, Myron, passed away in 1994. In 1999 I took my mother, then 89 years old, to a funeral for one of the 16 brothers and sisters of my father. Sitting at that funeral, I realized that this aunt of mine was the last of the 16 children and my mother was the last of all the original spouses of these children. I realized that no one had written down the genealogy that was quickly fading away. Fortunately, my widowed grandmother Minnie spent about the last 15 years of her life in my home. She was a warm and loving person -- after all, how many women would even consider marrying a man with seven children to raise (two of the first nine had passed away before they were married)? In the evenings during my childhood, she would reminisce about her life and events and during the holidays our home was the gathering place for the descendants who had remained in the Youngstown area. You can imagine, as a small child, this was a blur to me -- so many relatives, cousins, aunts, uncles, and especially so many last names since three of the most prolific children were females with different last names and were some of the older children had married female children of their own. By my calculations my grandfather was 56 years old when his last child was born and by then already had an eight-year- old grandchild. Soon after arrival in Youngstown, most of the family had helped start and attended a local German Lutheran church. Early pictures from that church and school I have since uncovered resemble a family reunion since so many families later inter-married with other German immigrant families from that church. About five years ago I decided to start my genealogy efforts using my mother and her information as a start. I was limited in sources, had plenty of names to work with, but couldn't always figure out the relationships. Now the family tree includes more than 600 names and includes spouses. I have had limited success going backward beyond by great-grandparents in Germany. It was during my research that I discovered about Rachael. My mother was of little help since she grew up in another state and all she could recall was Rachael's name -- briefly arising in the family conversations at special events. Since I had been unable to uncover her married last name, it appeared that contact with that part of the ancestry would forever go unanswered. Along the way, I had filled in most of what I expected I would ever find with few holes outside of Rachael and I appeared to be at the end of my searches, other than the early WOLF connections in Germany that still remain thin. This has been limited because the origin area of Germany was in East Germany and access still limited to CLDS microfilm documents (a task left to my retirement hobbies in a few years). However, in a frail hope, almost as an afterthought, I posted a brief message on a Lutheran genealogy website, listing several of the many surnames and my desire for contact or information. Several months later I received an e-mail, stating that we had to be related because there were too many common names. This person had been doing genealogy research of his own and was a descendant of Rachael. He had uncovered the WOLF connection and my great-grandfather, but was having difficulty untangling the line. Easy to understand with so many children, names, and the WOLF-LINDORT-WOLF confusion in old German records. We have since shared our research and significantly expanded our information. We have not yet met face to face but have talked on the phone and keep the connection alive with shared recent genealogy discoveries through e- mails, CDs, and even current family event news. We live quite a distant apart, but my hope is to meet some day, share a hug, and link our blood lines before too many years separate this connection. As I get older, I realize that one of the greatest joys and comforts of life is memories. Family is almost always a major part of memories. I am not so naive to believe that all memories, family or not, are happy or easy to recall, but they are part of us, where we come from, or make us what we are. Knowing more about our past helps us to understand ourselves. Doing this genealogical research that almost slipped away has been an overall blessing to me. I believe it will be an important gift that my children and their children may someday fully appreciate. * * * Do you have an online or other "connecting" story to share? Send to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com ======================== Advertisements ============================ LOW COST BRITISH RESEARCH SERVICE WITH FREE ASSESSMENTS Need some help with British research? Try British Ancestors, a British company with researchers throughout England and Scotland. 4,000+ clients worldwide have been helped since 1999 with prices starting from just $70 US. Researchers will search the records of your English and Scottish ancestors stored in archives throughout England and Scotland, most of which are unavailable on the Internet. For a FREE! No-obligation research assessment visit http://www.britishancestors.com/consultrwr/ ====================== End Advertisements ============================== 3. New Mailing Lists at RootsWeb Request a New Mailing List: http://resources.rootsweb.com/adopt/ ----------------------------------------------------------------- Brand-new mailing lists can be found under OTHER/MISCELLANEOUS until moved to their proper categories. For information and an index to the more than 29,000 RootsWeb-hosted genealogy Mailing Lists and for easy subscribing (joining) options go to: http://lists.rootsweb.com/ NEW SURNAME MAILING LISTS ASHFORTH DEMARY, DRENNER EVERMON GATHERCOLE, GAUDRY, GRAVEL SCHNABLE SMALL-JOHN-AUSTRALIA -- Descendants of John SMALL, who arrived in Australia on the First Fleet in January 1788. He married Mary PARKER. TISCHENDORF NEW ETHNIC AND SPECIAL INTEREST MAILING LISTS AUS-WA-PIONEERS -- Tracing the West Australian Pioneers and their descendants NEW REGIONAL MAILING LISTS ENG-WILTSHIRE-NW -- Genealogical discussions regarding a small group of villages (including Biddestone, Colerne, Grittleton, Luckington Slaughterford, North Wraxall and Yatton Keynell) on the Downs of North West Wiltshire along the border with Gloucestershire ENG-WOR-CRADLEY -- Cradley, Worcestershire, England 4. New Webpages at RootsWeb To Request a Free Web Account: http://accounts.rootsweb.com/ ------------------------------------------------------------- Some of these webpages might not yet be accessible. They are created by volunteers, so if one that interests you isn't up yet, please check again in a few days or next week. http://www.rootsweb.com/~[accountname] Note that the ~[tilde] before the Web account name is required. For example, the Provinci di Palermo (Italy) website is at: http://www.rootsweb.com/~itapaler/ ITALY itapaler -- Palermo U.S.A. caccdar -- Chico (California) Chapter DAR (Daughters of the American Revolution) cakings -- Kings County (California) gahart2 -- Hart County (Georgia) idbingha -- Bingham County (Idaho) idmadiso -- Madison County (Idaho) inepcgs -- Elwood Pipe Creek (Indiana) Genealogical Society 5. New/Updated Freepages and Homepages -------------------------------------- Has your website ever been mentioned here or do you have a new, updated, or substantially revised website located at RootsWeb (it will have "freepages" or "homepages" in the URL)? Send the URL (Web address), along with a brief description, including the major pertinent surnames and what is available on your site, to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com AUSTRALIA. Photos of graves in the Drouin West Cemetery, situated in Gippsland, Victoria. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~kayemac/drouinwest.html BURLEY, COLLINS, GEGG, GRADY, HILL, JONES, McNAMARA, OWEN, RIDEOUT, and TICKNER. Owen-Jones Homepage. Australian lines. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~owenjones/ojhomepage.html CARBERRY. Of Gundagai. Nicholas CARBERRY came from Ireland to New South Wales as a convict on the ship, "Three Bees" in 1814. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~kayemac/carberry.html HARBORD, HARBOURD, MANNIX, and FITZGERALD. Sarah Ann HARBOURD, of Yarmouth in England, married James Silvester SMITH, in Victoria 1853. She later lived with John MANNIX and later still, married William Jessop WARNE. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~kayemac/harbourd.html HOUSER, HAUSER, SCHURDEL, WICHMANN, USHER, MUELLER, LABS, RUSCH, SCHUKAR, and WOLLE. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~monajo/ McKENZIE, STANDEN, and BAXTER. John Colin McKENZIE married Mary Sophia STANDEN. Their daughter Mary Ann married "Harry" BAXTER, and they had seven children. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~kayemac/myfamily.html MacMILLAN. Helping researchers of Australian M'MILLANs through B.D.M. (birth, death, and marriage) indexes. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~kayemac/ McMILLEN, McMILLAN. Robert James McMILLAN and Elizabeth FITZPATRICK, raised their family in Dean, Victoria, Australia. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~kayemac/mymcmillans.html MILLIGAN. James MILLIGAN and Catherine HOPKINS, married in Tasmania before coming to Victoria where they raised their family. They were pioneers of Bunyip/Iona. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~kayemac/milligan.html SASSE, FELLWOCK, and OERTWIG. Some families who originated in the village of Nahausen in Brandenburg, Prussia. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~monajo/nah/ 6. New User-Contributed Databases at RootsWeb http://userdb.rootsweb.com/submit/ ---------------------------------------------- The following databases have come online recently. They are searchable, but not browseable. Search: To look for specific data or occurrence of text in a file. Browse: To view the entire contents of a file or a group of files. U.S.A. Birth Records Registered at Danville, Vermont, 1733-1998. 3,736 records. Robert H. Goss Registered in 1941 at Milton, Strafford County, New Hampshire 19 records; David C. Piper, Sr. Of immigrants from Litmanova, Slovakia, Poland, 1848-1938. 681 records; Nick Benyo http://userdb.rootsweb.com/births/ VIRGINIA. Fredericksburg (Independent City). College Heights High School Class of 1930. 9 records; Paula Lucy Delosh http://userdb.rootsweb.com/alumni/ 7. FROM ROOTSWEB REVIEW'S BOTTOMLESS MAILBAG [Editor's note: The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the editor or of RootsWeb.com]. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Impetus to Publish By Cynthia Harrer Anderson I was touched by John V. BECK's dilemma in last week's RootsWeb Review and about what to do with all the "stuff" from years of dedicated research so that it isn't lost and is available to future generations? He has contacted local libraries and they are not interested. I know that many other libraries, large and small, have a genealogy room or corner. My local library has a whole genealogy annex complete with librarian. Perhaps such a library somewhere else that has connections to his family name or locality would be thrilled to adopt his collection? Much of my family came from Hopkins County, Kentucky. Maybe I should consider sending my family book (if I ever publish one) to the library there. If a public library isn't interested, the LDS (Mormon) Family History Library might be. I was fortunate to have an Uncle Allen and an Aunt Mary Alice, on different sides of my family, who mailed me, and other interested family, copies of family research. It wasn't very exciting when I was younger, but as I got into genealogy, the material became the source of endless fascination. Are there any nieces, nephews or cousins who would be happy to have John's family research? This is a topic I have worried about myself, even though, at 49, I still feel that I'll live forever. How will I put my research into a durable form that can be preserved? My FTM (Family Tree Maker) software program has a book-making option, I just have to get around to it. My daughters are too young to be interested and my worst fear is that years of research might be thrown out when I'm gone. My husband's grandmother never put her boxes of papers into an organized form and one winter the basement flooded and the papers were destroyed. She died before I could meet her, but how I wish she had put a book together for her descendants. John's letter gives me more impetus to get organized and publish my family book. I wish John was my long-lost uncle, so I could help him preserve his family research! * * * Named for Two States By Jean Meaney in Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, USA My great-grandmother was Missouri Alabama JACKSON HARGRAVES. She died in 1917 in Arkansas. I thought she was unique, but then I found about 19 Missouri Alabamas when I did an ancestry search! * * * Forebears and Their Automobiles By Ron Johnson in Merrionette Park, Illinois, USA I just acquired a photo album which I am sure would prove interesting to someone, possibly even me, if only people could be identified. I noticed many of the photos involved automobiles and they are interesting and clear. The license plates are clearly readable -- especially the state and number and in many cases the year as well. I got to wondering if state archives were available that could be used to identify the owner, address and even make and year of car? Such a searchable database could prove invaluable. I would imagine there must be thousands of photos of old or even newer vintage cars out there with people shown in the photo just waiting to be identified. This might be a great project for RootsWeb to look into. Be my guest. I am sure these records are regularly purged, so the sooner the better. [Editor's Note: A vintage car is commonly defined as one built between the start of 1919 and the end of 1930.] * * * Acronym Identifies Progenitor By Nancy Garrett While tracking an ancestor in the census records I noticed that he always had the initials CE after his name. Being familiar with some notes after a person's name such as John Wilkins OP (which stands for Old Plantation Creek) to distinguish him from another John Wilkins who lived at the same time -- I assumed it was a designation of where he lived. Several censuses later the enumerator spelled it out. He was cross- eyed. * * * Ancestors Come in Many Flavors By Tannie Rothgeb Tate in Tennessee While searching for my SUNDAY ancestors in a U.S. census index, I ran across this entry: SUNDAY, Carmel Makes me wonder what her children's names were -- Chocolate? Strawberry? Maybe even Hot Fudge? 8. Humor/Humour: In a Pickle ----------------------------- Thanks to Robert Campbell who supplied this snippet from the 24 Feb. 1849 "Liverpool Journal." http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~dadds/MERSEYSIDE.index.html "A good lady who had two children sick with the measles went to a friend for the best remedy, while the friend had just received a note from another lady inquiring the best way to make pickles. In the confusion the lady inquiring about the pickles received the remedy for measles, while the anxious mother of the sick children, read the following: "Scald them three or four times in hot vinegar, and sprinkle them well with salt, and in a few days they will be cured." * * * Found a humorous sign or entry in census, parish, church, etc. records? Send to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com 9. Subscriptions, Submissions, Advertising, Reprints ----------------------------------------------------- SUBSCRIPTIONS. To manage your e-mail communications (i.e. to subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, or to sign up for others), visit our newsletter management center any time at: http://newsletters.rootsweb.com/ If you use a spam-filtering program, in order to receive the RootsWeb Review please make sure that you're allowing e-mail from: newsletter@reply.myfamilyinc.com The RootsWeb Review is a free publication of MyFamily.com, Inc., 360 West 4800 North, Provo, UT, 84604 * * * The RootsWeb Review does not publish or answer genealogical queries, and the editor regrets that she is unable to provide any personal research assistance or advice. RootsWeb Review welcomes short (500 words or less) articles, humor, stories, or letters, and reserves the right to edit all submissions. The announcement of books and products is provided as a community service and is not an endorsement in any way. All mail sent to the RootsWeb Review editor is considered to be for publication - send in plain text (please, no attachments) to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com * * * ROOTSWEB REVIEW ADVERTISING CONTACTS. AdSales Worldwide: Shana Davis, creative@myfamilyinc.com * * * REPRINTS. Permission to reprint articles from RootsWeb Review is granted unless specifically stated otherwise, provided: (1) the reprint is used for non-commercial, educational purposes; and (2) the following notice appears at the end of the article: Previously published in RootsWeb Review: 20 April 2005, Vol. 8, No. 16. * * * *