RootsWeb Review: RootsWeb's Weekly E-zine 24 November 2004, Vol. 7, No. 47, Circulation: 823,673+ (c) 1998-2004 RootsWeb.com, Inc. http://www.rootsweb.com/ * * * Editor: Myra Vanderpool Gormley, Certified Genealogist Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com Certification: http://www.bcgcertification.org/certification/ Search and share family trees: WorldConnect: http://wc.rootsweb.com/ Learn how to find your ancestors: http://rwguide.rootsweb.com/ Post and read messages on all relevant surname, locality, and topic Message Boards and Mailing Lists: Message Boards: http://boards.rootsweb.com/ Mailing Lists: http://lists.rootsweb.com/ Search/download past issues of the RootsWeb Review: http://e-zine.rootsweb.com/ RootsWeb HelpDesk: http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/ =============================================================== IN THIS ISSUE: 1. NEWS AND NOTES 1a. Editor's Desk: Some Sites Worth Seeing 1b. Tips from Readers: "Outwitting Transcription Errors" "Tracing Immigrants at Ellis Island" 1c. RootsWeb: An International Resource for a Scattered Family 2. Connecting Through RootsWeb: "Long Way Around" 3. New RootsWeb Mailing Lists 4. New Webpages at RootsWeb 5. New/Updated FreePages and HomePages 6. New User-contributed Databases 7. RootsWeb Review's Bottomless Mailbag: "Making the Effort" "Deciphering Handwriting" "Uncovering Disguised Ancestors" "Keys to Success: Imagination and Hard Work" "Translating Polish" "Changing the Name Trick" 8. Humor/Humour: "Double Trouble" 9. Subscriptions, Submissions, Advertising, Reprints =============================================================== 1. NEWS AND NOTES 1a. EDITOR'S DESK. SOME SITES WORTH SEEING: The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony: 1620. This is a study guide prepared by Duane A. Cline for use by teachers, students, and anyone interested in learning more about the Pilgrims and their Pokanoket friends of the Wampanoag Nation. http://www.rootsweb.com/~mosmd/ Mayflower Passenger List http://pilgrims.net/plymouth/history/passengers.htm Don's Mom and the Thanksgiving Turkey http://www.petuniapress.com/turkey3.htm Popcorn Stuffing from New Zealand http://www.petuniapress.com/popcorn.htm * * * 1b. TIPS FROM READERS Outwitting Transcription Errors By Peg Fay-Feder I found my great-grandfather August FORN in the census by searching using his first name -- August; his birth year -- 1845; and the county I knew he was living in -- Hamilton County, Ohio. Turns out the family was indexed as August TORN. In one Family History Library index he is listed as August HORN. So that piece of advice about searching for every possible spelling takes on new meaning for me. Think about handwriting transcription errors of even the first letter. * * * Tracing Immigrants at Ellis Island By Joanne Kennedy Hopefully this will help others like Madeline De Long ("Coming to America" in last week's RootsWeb Review) who was unable to find an ancestor with an Ellis Island website search. My grandmother came through Ellis Island and I was excited when they opened that website. But, unfortunately, my grandmother was nowhere to be found. I tried everything (including trying like Madeline did) to find her brother-in-law who accompanied her. I had about given up when I found Steve Morse's website: http://www.stevemorse.org/ And since finding it I have found so many of my relatives using his forms. Using the information that Madeline gave in her article: --Bernhard CORNELIUS --relatively certain his date of birth was January 1860 --his trip in 1895 --Germans to America --Bernhard was listed 12 passengers prior to Anna I went to Steve Morse's website and clicked on the Ellis Island "White Form" and entered: --initial "B" --Soundex for last name of Cornelius --male --arrival between 1892 and 1900 --age between 30 and 40 --nationality German Then I clicked on search (new). In just a few seconds I had: Cornelice, Busche, age 35, arrived 1895 Clicking on "Original Manifest," he is listed at line 48 and down 12 lines is Ann. Madeline read this entry on the manifest as "Bernh, followed by a superscript letter d" and "Cornelius," but the index has it as "Busche" and "Cornelice." Two different people looking at the same entries do not always "see" the same letters. And neither is wrong. When I am looking at manifests I often have another person tell me what they think is written. It helps to have another opinion. There is (I think) an endless number of ways to search at the Steve Morse's website. You can even just use initials, or "starts with," and in the above search you could even ask for all Germans with the initials of B C who arrived in 1895, age 35. * * * Have you encountered and solved a pesky research problem? Share it with the RootsWeb Review readers. Send to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com * * * 1c. RootsWeb: An International Resource for a Scattered Family. Maria Diaz knew from the time she first delved into her family history that her ancestors had lived and traveled in diverse parts of the globe. She knew that her mother's family had immigrated to Argentina from Italy in the early part of the 20th century, while her father's family, although living in Argentina for several generations, was originally from Spain. Once in Argentina, her ancestors had married into families that originated in Germany, Russia, and France. Then some of her family later moved to the United States and some of her German ancestors removed to New Zealand. So Maria's family tree is spread out all over the globe -- and she had lost touch with many of her first cousins. Maria wanted to learn more about her family history and try to locate some of her stray cousins and discovered RootsWeb while searching the Internet for genealogy sites. She wasn't sure that RootsWeb would have the International resources she needed, but she decided to check it out and she is glad she did. While on the surface many of the resources appear to be primarily of interest only to Americans, Maria found, by searching a little harder, there is a vast array of international resources at RootsWeb. Here's some of the resources she found useful. Mailing lists: http://lists.rootsweb.com/ Maria scrolled down to the International lists and looked at those for the countries of interest to her. She also found that the "Other" category of mailing lists includes many ethnic, census, newsgroup gateway, and some other miscellaneous lists that are also international in scope. She found a bilingual list for Spanish and English-speaking genealogists where messages are posted in both Spanish and English: http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/other/Ethnic-Hispanic/BILINGUAL-SP.html Since Maria knew she had cousins in the United States she suspected that list could be of help to her. Maria also found some mailing lists for Spanish and Italian surnames, and quite a few German ethnic lists. She even found an "Other" list for discussion about German-Emigrants to other countries in the world: http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/other/Ethnic-German/GERMAN-EMIGRANTS.html and one pertaining to Germans who migrated from Russia to Argentina that looked interesting (with postings in Spanish, English, and German): http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/other/Ethnic-German/GER-RUS-ARG.html Maria discovered that the RootsWeb message boards contain many locations of interest to the international researcher. She started here to navigate to the International boards of her choice: http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec?htx=board&r=rw&p=localities She also checked out the Topic boards: http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec?htx=board&r=rw&p=topics and found ethnic boards for Italian and Hispanic and German research. Maria had been told that some of her German ancestors had included nobility and she even found a topic board for German Nobility. She thought it would be a good place to post a query to explore the possibility there was truth in that family legend. http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec?htx=board&r=rw&p=topics.royalty.germann Maria was researching a few surnames and locations that contain accented characters. She learned that RootsWeb/Ancestry Message Boards include surnames as diverse as Schüpf and Rodríguez and localities such as Guipúzcoa, Spain and Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, France. Message Board indexes allow navigation to boards containing accented characters in the regular manner. These boards appear in their normal alphabetical location on the index pages. "Find a Board" searches also find them as they would any other board. Searches for surnames and locations containing accented characters, including advanced searches also yield expected results. Next Maria checked out the various RootsWeb User Databases: She started at: http://userdb.rootsweb.com/regional.html and clicked on "Jump to Country" to access the various international databases contributed by many RootsWeb users. WorldConnect is aptly named because its family trees have worldwide flavor. Maria began her search on the main WorldConnect page: http://wc.rootsweb.com/ and clicked on "Advanced Search." By entering a birth place, marriage place, and/or death place she limited her search results to those individuals in the countries of interest to her. But, she quickly learned not to be too specific in listing locations (such as towns or regions) as doing so limited her search results too severely. Searches at WorldConnect also allowed her to locate accented surnames and places names. The International Volunteer projects hosted by RootsWeb were yet another resource. Maria started at the homepage: http://www.rootsweb.com/ and checked out the Hosted Volunteer Projects, such as the WorldGenWeb Project and Archives (Worldwide). RootsWeb Surname List (RSL) was also a valuable resource: http://rsl.rootsweb.com/ The RSL enabled Maria to search surnames limiting the results to a country, state, or province: http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/codes/ provides a list of international abbreviations. RootsWeb's Guide to Tracing Family Trees also was helpful, offering tips and links to many ethnic and locality-related records and sources: http://rwguide.rootsweb.com/ Maria was pleased. She obtained help when she posted a query on the various RootsWeb lists and boards. She found data about her multi- national family history and even made contact with a few cousins in far corners of the globe -- all from the convenience of her home. 2. Connecting Through RootsWeb. Thanks for sharing your stories. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Long Way Around By Dennis Holliday in Westminster, Colorado, USA We knew my wife's mother was 100 percent Portuguese; both of her parents were from the island of Flores in the Azores. Her grandfather had come to the United States in 1908 and had worked his way across the nation to arrive in Red Bluff, California. All family records were lost when their barn burned down. Stories were that Frank (Francisco) had received citizenship since his father (Manuel) had served in the Confederacy. Story was Manuel was a whaler and when the ship docked at Mobile [Alabama] Manuel was forced into Confederate service. One of Frank's daughters, Dolores, had the foresight to quiz her father about the family and she recorded the information. When I started recording family information Dolores shared all that she had and then she suggested writing an aunt in Flores that actually lived in the house that Manuel built. All Dolores had was a name -- Lily Barcelos, with no address. She said it was a small island so just address the letter to Aunt Lily Barcelos in Ponta Delgada, Flores Azores. I just could not believe the island was that small so I turned to RootsWeb and the Azores mailing list. I asked how I could get a letter translated to Portuguese and how to find Lily's address. Two people responded that they had an island directory and they offered the most likely address. Bablefish was suggested for the translation. Another cautioned that Bablefish was literal and I could sound like a school child in my letter. A gentleman in Brazil offered to transform a letter in English to a proper letter in Portuguese. He was uncomfortable in speaking English but could read and write fluently in both English and Portuguese. I e- mailed him my inquiry letter in English and the next day I had a Portuguese version! I sent the letter and to my surprise I received a reply within two weeks. The reply was four pages, both sides, all in old lady wiggly Portuguese. The letters would not scan so my contact in Brazil was not available. I remembered that a co-worker grew up in Spain and that he volunteer's to translate Spanish. I figured he might know some Portuguese if he had lived close to Portugal or maybe he would know someone that translates Portuguese. He could not write Portuguese but he can read it. He plays soccer in an over-40 league with two Portuguese gentlemen that he pressed into proofreading for me. From Lily's letter I learned that Manuel was a migrant worker in the cotton fields and that he made three trips to Mobile. He volunteered to serve in the Confederacy. He did not "automatically" receive U.S. citizenship. He made proper application and his minor children gained citizenship as they chose. Frank (Francisco) took advantage of that citizenship offer. [Editor's note: There is probably some more to this story and the naturalization papers of all the family members (Declaration of Intention and Petition) might prove to be of great interest. See: http://www.rootsweb.com/~rwguide/lesson16.htm] A pure bonus was that Lily offered the name and address of her niece Ilda, an "elementary school professor." I wrote to Ilda and she responded via e-mail. My wife and I discovered that Ilda and Joe were our age and they had more family information. They insisted that we must visit. As a result I booked a trip and took my wife and our two teenage sons to the least likely vacation spot they ever envisioned -- Flores in the Azores. * * * Do you have an online "connecting" story to share? Send to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com 3. New Mailing Lists at RootsWeb Request a New Mailing List: http://resources.rootsweb.com/adopt/ ----------------------------------------------------------------- Brand-new mailing lists can be found under OTHER/MISCELLANEOUS until moved to their proper categories. For information and an index to the more than 28,600 RootsWeb-hosted genealogy Mailing Lists and for easy subscribing (joining) options go to: http://lists.rootsweb.com/ No new mailing lists were created this week. 4. New Webpages at RootsWeb To Request a Free Web Account: http://accounts.rootsweb.com/ ------------------------------------------------------------- Some of these webpages might not yet be accessible. They are created by volunteers, so if one that interests you isn't up yet, please check again in a few days or next week. http://www.rootsweb.com/~[accountname] Note that the ~[tilde] before the Web account name is required. For example, the Topsfield, Massachusetts website is at: http://www.rootsweb.com/~mactopsf/ U.S.A. dcsjcudc -- Stonewall Jackson (District of Columbia) Chapter UDC gacowet2 -- Coweta County (Georgia) gaspald3 -- Spalding County (Georgia) mactopsf -- Topsfield (town) (Massachusetts) mndac -- Daughters of the American Colonists (Minnesota) ncccsmd -- Central Colony (North Carolina) of the Society of Mayflower Descendents ncpcsmd -- Piedmont Colony (North Carolina) of the Society of Mayflower Descendents palehigh -- Lehigh County (Pennsylvania) txjtedrt -- John Tilley Edwards (Texas) Chapter DRT Key: DAR—Daughters of the American Revolution DRT—Daughters of the Republic of Texas USD—Daughters of the War of 1812 UDC—United Daughters of Confederacy 5. New/Updated Freepages and Homepages -------------------------------------- Has your website ever been mentioned here or do you have a new, updated, or substantially revised website located at RootsWeb (it will have "freepages" or "homepages" in the URL)? Send the URL (Web address), along with a brief description, including the major pertinent surnames and what is available on your site, to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com * * * DE VOSS. This compilation, started by the author's ancestor, Magdalena van Sintern, contains some 1,438 persons and links many immigrants from Holland (and other countries) to Colonial Skippack Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Major surnames: KOLB, de VOSS, ROOSEN, DETTWEILER, MEYER, HUNSIKER, DIRSTEIN, LINNICH, KRAMER, OVENS, SMISSEN, BECHTEL, SINTERN, BEETS, de VLIEGER, GOVERTS, KOENEN, GOOS, LOOFF, OBERHOLTZER, WILLINK, BRUNS, MUNSTER, HOLTEN, HALDEMAN, HARDER, and WISMER. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~scrapbook/pennypacker/intro.html ITALY. San Fele Italy Genealogy Connections. Created by accumulated efforts of those studying their ancestry and Italian family roots from within and around the town of San Fele, Potenza, Basilicata, Italy and presented to attract others pursuing the same genealogy research. http://www.rootsweb.com/~itacsnf/ OHIO. Provides a transcription of "Historical Collections of Ohio," by Henry Howe (copyright, 1888) of two volumes and nearly 2,000 pages of text. It is broken down into chapters according to Ohio's 88 counties. and includes sketches of many of Ohio's early settlers in addition to descriptions of pioneer life in Ohio. It highlights historical events and gives the names of politicians and county officials in office at the time of the book's publication. It has a search engine and a registry for anyone who has an ancestor mentioned in this book http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~henryhowesbook/ 6. New User-Contributed Databases at RootsWeb ---------------------------------------------- SHARING OPPORTUNITY. Does your alma mater, old military unit, church, parish, province, county or state have material available that you think would be of interest to genealogists and historians? Do you have any compiled lists of names or databases (other than your personal genealogy) that you would like to share and that you think would be of value and interest to others? In most cases, RootsWeb would be proud to host such material. http://userdb.rootsweb.com/submit/ The following databases have come online recently. They are searchable, but not browseable. Search: To look for specific data or occurrence of text in a file. Browse: To view the entire contents of a file or a group of files. ILLINOIS. Will County. Rose Hill Cemetery; 147 records; Linda Brandau http://userdb.rootsweb.com/cemeteries/ INDIANA. Marion County. Indianapolis. Ebenezer Lutheran and Fall Creek Union Cemeteries; 1,061 records; Marilyn Barber http://userdb.rootsweb.com/cemeteries/ MICHIGAN. Branch County. Coldwater. City Directories, 1860-1926, (various years, selected records); 883 records; Marilyn Lane http://userdb.rootsweb.com/citydir/ MISSOURI. Buchanan County. Rushville. Sugar Creek Cemetery; 1,854 records; Debby Moulden-Frerichs (walked by Jeff Klawuhn) http://userdb.rootsweb.com/cemeteries/ MONTANA. Beaverhead County. Bannack. Bannack Cemetery; 58 records Bannack. Boot Hill Cemetery; 9 records Jackson. Briston Cemetery; 36 records Dewey. Dewey Cemetery; 154 records Glendale. Glendale Cemetery; 79 records Glen. Haining Ranch Cemetery; 5 records Glen. Hartwig-Fassler Ranch Cemetery; 7 records Glen. Reichle Ranch Cemetery; 12 records Jackson. Jones Cemetery; 42 records Jackson. Maurice Cemetery; 1 record Jackson. Pattengail Creek Cemetery; 1 record Jackson. Popularis Cemetery; 33 records Lima. Little Bench Cemetery; 524 records Wisdom. Wisdom Memorial Cemetery (includes private burial near Wisdom); 286 records; Linda Albright on behalf of Vicki M. Miller and Butte-Silver Bow Public Archives http://userdb.rootsweb.com/cemeteries/ PENNSYLVANIA. Allegheny County. Oakdale. Oakdale High School, Class of 1908; 4 records; Victoria Hospodar Valentine http://userdb.rootsweb.com/alumni/ Carbon County. Lehighton. Sts. Peter and Paul Cemetery; 1,064 records; Frank Hanosek http://userdb.rootsweb.com/cemeteries/ Washington County. Midway. Midway High School, Class of 1944; 12 records; Victoria Hospodar Valentine http://userdb.rootsweb.com/alumni/ Washington County. Robinson Township High School, Class of 1909; 5 records; Victoria Hospodar Valentine http://userdb.rootsweb.com/alumni/ WISCONSIN. Iron County. Mercer. Mercer Cemetery; 954 records; Mercer Genealogy Club http://userdb.rootsweb.com/cemeteries/ WEST VIRGINIA. Marion County. Gilboa Cemetery (also known as Gilbor Cemetery); 70 records; John E. Boggess http://userdb.rootsweb.com/cemeteries/ 7. FROM ROOTSWEB REVIEW'S BOTTOMLESS MAILBAG [Editor's note: The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the editor or of RootsWeb.com]. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Making the Effort By Pat Almquist David for Daniel and Cowper for Cooper? That's easy! I have collected, to date, 25 different spellings of the surname PEVETO including PEEPEETO, PETITO, and PIBOTO. Try PIVETEAU vs. PIVOTEAU. Or PIVAUTUO vs. PIVUATUA. Changing only one letter can make all the difference in the world. When I am researching some place that I feel there is data to be found, I painstakingly input all 25 names. Time-consuming? Yes. Worth it? Yes. * * * Deciphering Handwriting By Bob Wilson in Stamford, Connecticut In the 1840 U.S. census, my ancestor, Archibald WISEMAN, who had immigrated to Newburgh, New York from Ballywatermoy Townland, County Antrim, with a stop at Liverpool to perhaps earn his passage in 1836, was enumerated as Achabad WISEMAN. Also. in at least two early 20th- century New York censuses show that my grandfather John C. JACKSON's father was born in "Va." while at least three 19th-century censuses from Berrien County, Michigan, shows that the father (correctly) was born in "Pa." Moral: Never absolutely trust handwriting, or its subsequent interpretation, in a census log. * * * Uncovering Disguised Ancestors By Charles Atkinson, Niagara Falls, Canada. For quite some time I was searching the 1891 census for William ATKINSON. He was in Elswick, Newcastle, England in 1881 and in 1901 but somehow vanished in 1891. The pesky problem was that he was indexed as William D. WINSON. The census image was easily understood as William ATKINSON but the index transcriber clearly saw something different. * * * Keys to Success: Imagination and Hard Work By James Peterson I searched high and low for my ancestors Nicholas DEMGEN and Anna DEMGEN in the 1880 Michigan census. Finally, using the wildcard capability and the census disks available at one of the LDS Family History Centers, I located Nicholas DERUGEN along with his wife and eight children (including Annie). My wife's ancestor, George P. RICHARDSON, would be forever lost in 1860 had we not looked for him living with his new mother-in-law M. W. PAYNE. Evidently, the census taker ran out of room in the name box, and so George will be recorded forever as George RICHARD (we looked at the original image and cannot fault any transcriber). These are two more examples where apparently absent people were actually counted and can be found with a lot of hard work and imagination. Now if only I could find my nine-year-old grandfather Emil EMMERT in 1880. * * * Translating Polish By Gayle Schlissel Riley, researching Tarnobrzeg, Poland http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Tarnobrzeg/ I use Poltran for translations in Polish. I am very happy with job it does and it is easy to use and free. http://www.poltran.com/ * * * Changing the Name Trick By Donald C. Skinner When my mother died at age 86 in 1994, as the oldest son, I received her journal and family picture book. Her side of the family had been traced very successfully, with several lines back to the 1600s. My father's side was another story. All my life (and as listed in mother's journal) I knew my grandfather's name was Simuel Eddings SKINNER. I had a funeral card with his picture, dates of birth and death, and the name S. E. SKINNER. He was listed as being born in Mississippi, so I concentrated my first search there, only to find nothing. The journal contained a note that he and my grandmother, Susan Jane BRADBERRY, had married in "Lone Oak" (Lonoke, Arkansas.) so I searched Arkansas records and found the marriage bond, the marriage license, and the marriage record, all of which bore the name S. E. SKINNER The journal also told of his first marriage to a "Mary" who had a son named Jesse. Finally, by using Soundex, I found this reference to a Simeon E. SKINNER (born in Mississippi with the right age) in the 1880 Arkansas federal census, along with wife Mary and son Jesse. Using the name Simeon, I searched more U.S. census records and found Simeon E. SKINNER listed in the 1910 Texas census along with (second wife) -- grandmother Susan Jane -- and all my 10 aunts and uncles and my father. All names and birth dates were correct, which I knew from having grown up with these relatives. So it had to be the right family. He was listed with a date of death in 1911 in the journal and noted he was buried "near Weinert" in Haskell County, Texas. No gravesite has been found to date, and no death certificate is in the Texas Vital Statistics Archives. Suspecting two different census enumerators 30 years apart and in two different states would hardly make the same error, I am convinced my grandfather's name was indeed Simeon E. SKINNER. How it became Simuel Eddings SKINNER in family history is lost, just as grandpa was until I luckily found him. More research can now be undertaken using his "new" name. [Editor's note: Check the household of William F. SKIMER in Lee County, Mississippi in the 1870 census.] 8. Humor/Humour: Double Trouble ------------------------------------------ Thanks to: Karen Dale in Larkspur, Colorado, USA I once stumbled across an entry in the 1850 census of Union County, Arkansas for a Nancy A. GAYLER, age 28, born in Georgia. She was apparently a widow and had five children: Carolina 10, James, 8, and Sarah 5 -- plus two 3-year-old males named 1.) Rough; 2.) Ready. I've since discovered a number of children named "Rough and Ready" after "Old Rough and Ready" -- General Zachary Taylor, but have only come across twins that one time. Every time I think about that poor woman trying to cope with both Rough and Ready, I chuckle. * * * Found a humorous sign or entry in census, parish, church, etc. records? Send to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com 9. Subscriptions, Submissions, Advertising, Reprints ----------------------------------------------------- SUBSCRIPTIONS. To manage your e-mail communications (i.e. to subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, or to sign up for others), visit our newsletter management center any time at: http://newsletters.rootsweb.com/ The RootsWeb Review is a free publication of MyFamily.com, Inc., 360 West 4800 North, Provo, UT, 84604 * * * The RootsWeb Review does not publish or answer genealogical queries, and the editor regrets that she is unable to provide any personal research assistance or advice. RootsWeb Review welcomes short (500 words or less) articles, humor, stories, or letters, and reserves the right to edit all submissions. All mail sent to the RootsWeb Review editor is considered to be for publication — send in PLAIN TEXT (please, no attachments) to: Editor-RWR@rootsweb.com * * * ROOTSWEB REVIEW ADVERTISING CONTACTS. Ad Sales Operations Mgr. Shana Davis sdavis@myfamilyinc.com U.S., Worldwide Sales: Sacha Yenkana syenkana@myfamilyinc.com * * * REPRINTS. Permission to reprint articles from RootsWeb Review is granted unless specifically stated otherwise, provided: (1) the reprint is used for non-commercial, educational purposes; and (2) the following notice appears at the end of the article: Previously published in RootsWeb Review: 24 November 2004, Vol. 7, No. 47. * * * *